Wash the fresh broccoli florets under cold water, pat them dry, and cut into bite-sized pieces.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the broccoli florets with olive oil, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, black pepper, and red pepper flakes. Toss until evenly coated.
Preheat the air fryer to 400°F (200°C) for about 5 minutes.
Place the seasoned broccoli in the air fryer basket in a single layer. Cook for 8-10 minutes, shaking the basket halfway through.
Check for doneness after 8-10 minutes. If using Parmesan cheese, sprinkle it over the broccoli during the last 2 minutes of cooking.